Consumer Law in United Kingdom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Consumer Law in United Kingdom - Essay Example The paper tells that very many companies today use awkward tactics to make sales. These range from closing down sales that they let to run for as long as possible, to the special offers that do not really exist. Nonetheless, some of the offers they usually make are quite genuine. However, the way the sales are made to the customers usually leaves the customers perplexed and wondering what the salespersons are aiming. A sales man or woman may stay for very long, up to hours waiting for a customer or client to make a subscription and then go ahead to tell the customer that his or her income depends on the client paying up. No sound for alarm, though, because ever since 26th may 2008, laws have been put in place with the aim of militating against such practices. Consumer protection from unfair trading regulations 2008 (CPRs) have made it possible for the protection of consumers from exploitation, and unfair treatment through misleading omissions, misleading actions, or other aggressive practices that businesspersons engage in. Misleading actions according to the consumer protection regulations are such practices such as marketing or advertising goods that do not really exist in the first place. Businesspersons also offer also usually make advertisements of items that they do not really have enough of in their stock. This means they create excess demand for the little goods they have in their stock. This practice of advertising a commodity with no aim of meeting its demand is a misleading action on the part of the traders and sales persons. The consumer protection regulations also prohibit traders from lying about the goods they have, or marketing them to consumers as another product, in order to gain credibility. In any case, a trader has signed a code of practice, he or she should stand by it and obey it to the later, failing to do so; failing to follow the code of practice may result for charges on the grounds of breach of the Consumer Protection regulations (Wo odroffe 82). Misleading omissions on the other hand, applies to the act of traders being very economical with the truth about their products, or deliberately leaving out information that customers need in order to make decisions that are well informed. Under these consumer protection regulations, it is the responsibility of the traders to make sure information about the products they sell reaches the consumers and customers at the right time. Timeliness is important in business. This ensures that information gets to consumers when they really need it; and not very late, that they can no longer use the information (Sealy 54). The aggressive practices are the sales tactics that really influence the process of decision making of consumers and customers in general. ThiAQAs means that the traders who ‘force customers’ to make decisions through threatening behavior, and do not give consumers breathing space, will be, under the regulations of consumer protection, committing an offence. In practicing these consumer protection regulations on traders, it is not just enough to demonstrate the deed. The accuser has to show that the consumer’s decision was indeed, influenced by the practice the trader is guilty of doing. The new rules set out by the United Kingdom to govern consumer protection against traders who are rogue came into effect in 2008. For the first time in the history of the United Kingdom, traders will not be allowed to trade unfairly to their customers. This does not mean that they will be restricted from making their own profits as they would; they are only required to follow the guidelines stipulated by the consumer

Mom says Patriot Act stripped son of due process, dated April 29, 2009 Research Paper

Mom says Patriot Act stripped son of due process, dated April 29, 2009 - Research Paper Example Admittedly, there are various powers given to the Federal agents under the Patriot Act. Firstly, they have the right to conduct surveillance and searches even without any probable cause to suspect criminal activity. Moreover, it is allowed to conduct searches without giving prior notice. Another serious issue is that after conducting electronic search or wiretapping, it is possible for the federal agents to secretly arrest a person and divulge no information to the family. Moreover, as McNeill (2011) points out, the Act allows federal agents to keep the matter away from media and attorney for as long as charges are not brought. That means a person who is suspected of terrorist activity may lose all the rights as a citizen. Evidently, the case is interpreted to be Patriot Act case because of the nature of the case. First of all, it was a bomb threat and the medium was internet calls. It is the Patriot Act that gave federal agents the right to search electronic communication, and arres t and retain people without disclosing the matter. In the case of Ashton Lundeby, the federal agents allegedly gave no information to the family or media. Moreover, there was no legal representation allowed. Thus, the case is interpreted as a Patriot Act case. ... For example, if the situation involves a bomb threat by a student against a school, the case is supposed to be deferred to the State or local authorities. Furthermore, it is pointed out that investigations as provided under Section 844(e) do not need to be initiated if a pattern or plan for the offense does not exist. Thus, it becomes evident that the case does not need to be treated under Patriot Act. Evidently, any law like the Patriot Act will have a very negative impact on the quality of civil rights in a nation like America. This is so because the Patriot Act has provided the federal agents the right to look into the private lives of people and listen to everything they communicate. Moreover, it is seen that instead of addressing real terrorism, this new step has touched every sphere of life and protest, and affected areas like freedom of association, freedom of information, freedom of speech, right to legal representation, freedom from unreasonable searches, right to a public t rial, and right to liberty. However, the problem with the new step, according to SNR Denton report (n.d.), is that the government has not so far proved that these initiatives are useful in preventing terrorism. Admittedly, it is not possible to counter terrorism without introducing stringent laws. Secondly, though the search by federal agencies intrude privacy, it is better to have ones privacy taken away by the government than by terrorists. Moreover, as Brawley and Perekrestov (n.d.) argue, only those who communicate something illegal need to fear the close monitoring by federal agencies. For others, it offers added sense of security and belonging. However, the present problem with the

Urban Regeneration Of The Melbourne Docklands Area Environmental Sciences Essay

Urban Regeneration Of The Melbourne Docklands Area Environmental Sciences Essay It can be a challenge to introduce sustainable mixed-use infill development elements into existing cities because of the density issue. Since the attitude of communities of the public is that; high densities contribute to crime (Dekle and Mofson 1997) While plans are created for the redevelopment of urban centres and former industrial areas in Australia (VicUrban 2006) and around the world, many existing cities, struggle with environmental, and economic problems, shattered urban areas, as well as present of public health social problems of inequality. Sustainability measures can be included as a key part of any infill strategy. to improve social equity (HSP and PIA 2009) The demand for new homes in Melbourne is unsatisfied as elsewhere around Australia. Redeveloping brown-fields to meet part of this demand can add valuable benefits other than meeting the need for homes within the city (Melbourne 2007). It can add to any city vitality, also it can reduce the need to develop  ¿Ã‚ ½green-fields ¿Ã‚ ½ sites. As well as closeness of homes near to centres of activity encourages use of public transport, walking and cycling in addition to reduces the dependency on private cars. (HSP and PIA 2009) Measures of diversity in the SD plan have to taken into concidiration needs are best met by ensuring that an appropriate range of small, medium and large family homes is available. So the market will not over supply of small homes and a shortage of  ¿Ã‚ ½lifetime ¿Ã‚ ½ homes The recent growth of urban brown-field redevelopment and greenfield initiatives is a positive indicator of the redirected priorities of the public and private sectors to re The following case study reveals how the inclusion of sustainable growth in a large-scale urban redevelopment can strengthen a shattered urban area and create an efficient functional and iconic ESD Case Study: Urban renewal of Melbourne Docklands, Australia Pre-conditions leading to infill development: The Docklands Area it is located on Victoria Harbor in South Australia (SA) in the heart of Melbourne city; situated nearby the Yarra River and directly southwest of the Melbourne central business area (DSE 2005). Since 1970 to 1990s the Docklands Area was a major source of pollution to the harbor neighbourhood in Melbourne city due to past industrial activities (DSE 2005) because of that the area has endure from disinvestment. However, the need for quayside areas in developed countries in the 1980 including Australia has reduced due to globalization; Shipping, heavy industry and manufacturing has been repositioned to developing nations such as China (Dekle and Mofson 1997). One of the difficulties to redevelop in Docklands was; land contamination, since most of it has been used for industrial activities for years (Commonwealth 2009). The Docklands area needed major design involvement to renew the vacant land as well as clean up the nearby stream (REF). Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD): Melbourne Docklands In the recent peak oil era and the promote trend of globalisation and sustainability, it was apparently predictable that Melbourne CBD and Docklands area would be converted from heavy industry and shipping activities to a high-rise residential and light commercial areas (VicUrban 2006). In addition to the value of real estates in Australian cities, as in Europe increases; by means of closeness to both the central business quarter and waterfront (REA 2010) While Docklands land is state-owned, it has been developed in partnership between the government and the private sector with national and international developers. (VicUrban 2010a). Docklands redevelopment is one of largest Brown-field urban renewal projects in Australia (Commonwealth 2009). As shown in map below Docklands redevelopment is a 200-acre Brown-Field development (VicUrban 2010a) The Docklands redevelopment began in 1989 with the intention of setting a worldwide precedent to incorporate all aspects of sustainability; social, cultural, economic, and environmental (VicUrban 2006) There are eight ESD principles for Melbourne Docklands as indicated in the ESD Guide 2006: 1. Conserve and protect natural resources 2. Create long-term value 3. Maximise precinct opportunities 4. Balance economic, social and environmental outcomes 5. Set standards, requirements and benchmarks, and continually review 6. Develop a collaborative approach, and capture and communicate knowledge 7. Promote alternative transport opportunities 8. Create a healthy urban environment In 2004 the PIA Victoria Division has awarded the Docklands Development with Planning Excellence in the Community Based Planning Category and Planning for Health and Wellbeing (PIA 2004) The (VicUrban) Victorian Governments sustainable urban development agency has entered the award through a strategic plan that has engaged extensive research and consultation with local residence of Docklands community, local government and developers to deliver; public services and social sustainability at Melbourne Docklands.  ¿Ã‚ ½Place and Community: Implementing Sustainable Communities at Melbourne Docklands 2004-2020 ¿Ã‚ ½ plan (VicUrban 2004) Source: (Melbourne 2010) VicUrban Plan for community wellbeing identifies facilities, superiority of service and presents an on-going monitoring program that keep an eye on execution of the plan (VicUrban 2004). This Practical fresh approach is driven from innovative service organizations to deliver the needs of the existing and future community of Melbourne. The plan has advertise itself as  ¿Ã‚ ½healthy and active Docklands ¿Ã‚ ½ by focusing on variety of strategies and services intended to endorse diversity of community, its development and inhabitants wellbeing as well as workers and visitors (PIA 2004). In addition, the plan aims to create alternative active modes of transportation; such as walking and cycling, road safety (VicUrban 2004). As it is predicted by the Department of Sustainability and Environment in Victoria (DES); in 2030 population of Melbourne will grow by one million people (DSE 2005) as a result the need to redevelop or regenerate more of existing brown-fields sites in inner city is essential to achieve goals of sustainable environment, urban amenity and community development (PIA 2004). This approach has been adopted by Victoria government and VicUrban to change the face of Melbourne traditional CBD and to improve waterfront of the city by creating more compact with higher density developments that is easy to be serviced in a sustainable way. The plan is to create  ¿Ã‚ ½development that meets the needs of current generations without compromising the ability for future generations to meet their own needs ¿Ã‚ ½ (WCED, et al. 1987) pp1 To Achieve a Sustainable Developments (SD) in Docklands that meets present and future needs the plan focuses and balance between three aspects or the  ¿Ã‚ ½three bottom lines ¿Ã‚ ½ Environment, Social (Equity) and Economy (Gilbert et al., 1996). As shown in table below according with state of Victoria strategy population projections of Docklands it is estimated to increase from 6,000 residents in 2009 to 17,000 by 2020 (VicUrban 2010a) Population Start 2009 End 2009 2015 2020 Residents 6,000 6,500 11,000 17,000 Workers 12,000 19,000 30,000 40,000 Visitors 8 million p.a. 10 million p.a. 13 million p.a 20 million p.a. Development investment $5.5 billion $6 billion $9 billion $12 billion TABLE 1: DOCKLANDS POPULATION PROJECTIONS, Source: (VicUrban 2010a) While Docklands land is state-owned, it has been developed in partnership between the government and the private sector with national and international developers. (VicUrban 2010a). Docklands is one of largest Brown-field urban renewal projects in Australia (Commonwealth 2009). It is a mixed-use development includes eight precincts as shown in table XXX late 2009 $6 billion of development is either completed or under construction with a final development value of $12 billion by 2020 that will create a wide variety of jobs for 40,000 people (VicUrban 2010a)

Korean Food Essay example -- Korea Culinary Culture Essays

Korean Food Korean food is unique. It’s known for its spicy flavor and the use of other seasonings to enhance the taste. Dishes are usually flavored with a combination of soy sauce, red pepper, green onion, bean paste, garlic, ginger, sesame, mustard, vinegar, and wine. The Korean peninsula is surrounded water on three sides, but connected to the Asian mainland. This environment contributes to the uniqueness of Korean cuisine. Seafood plays a very important role as do vegetables and livestock. Let’s examine three of the most common and famous types of Korean food. Kimchi is a very popular Korean dish. It is made by fermenting vegetables, usually cabbage and white radish, and seasoning them with red peppers and garlic. Kimchi is served with almost every Korean meal. Kimchi is a good source of vitamin C and fiber. Large quantities of Kimchi are usually made during the late fall or early winter during a time called kimchang. The vegetables are buried in large earthenware crocks to ferment it during the winter months. Kimchi has become famous worldwide and is very popular in...

Crooks monologue- Of mice and men Essay

I’m so tired, both physically and mentally, but I bet you, there aint no one in the whole world who could, I mean who would help me. All this because I’m black. Is that even fair? Is that even my fault? I’m just a man too, I’m just a man like any other man round here. We were all brought into this world in the same way, We all were once young free souls with a childhood, we all know what the difference between the good and the evil is. , So why? Why. That is the question that I have asked myself from the day when they took my family, from the day my family were.. Well, I already know the answer to that, however unfair it may seem. They’ve done this to us because they see us differently, they are all lazy people who can only be bothered to see what’s on the surface and not even attempt to dig deeper, and they are judgemental people whom the god has created. God, my family brought me up to trust, and to have faith and to look up to god. I remember, that night, When my mum was putting me to bed she said- You need to have someone to look up to , someone who you have faith in, someone who you think about, someone who you ask for help when you’re stuck and I want you to remember that that man is god. But now, I even find myself questioning myself about the existence of this Supreme Being who is meant to help, who is meant to make everything fair and good. If anything or anyone so supreme was there to watch upon us, then why am I having to suffer? I have done no sin, I could not choose my skin colour, And I defiantly cant change that, however much I want to do so. I’m not going to lie, In the past I hated myself too, for being black- Because of my colour, I’ve been isolated from society, I’ve been hurt, I’ve even been denied the chance to even hope for my American dream. All this because I’m black. But now I’ve realised that I’m just lucky to at least be living, to at least have a job, to at least have a bed to sleep on at night. You see, I work up at the ranch full of white guys, the boss made sure that my job was somewhat secured after the day when one of the horses kicked me in the back and crippled me. Although my back hurts like a bitch every second in every minute in every hour in every day I’m grateful for it. Without it, who knows where I would be now? Probably dead or left for the dead out in the streets. And let me tell you , the thought of that is way better than living in the ranch and being ignored by those white ranch workers. Well, I’m not always ignored, I mean last Christmas I actually was invited in to celebrate with them, they even gave me some whiskey,It was by far an amazing night for me, but then again anything’s better than spending Christmas alone in the dark with the horses. And one of the new guys even came into my room and actually gave me company for the first time in many many years. That guy’s name is Lennie small, There’s no dening that he’s a heck of a strong worker, a giant guy, but there’s also no dening that he’s one stupid bastard. I’m not even saying this for the meaness, it’s the truth, I mean when a white guy steps into a black guys room to keep him company there’s only two possible reasons as to why he would do so- Either he’s opened his eyes and seen beneath just the surface or because he’s a stupid bastard. In lennie’s case it was the second reason. At that time, I thought that it would be a laugh to take advantage of him, I couldn’t wait to get the feeling of being ble to torment someone, anyone. So I did. Sure as hell I did, I told him that George ain’t coming back for him, I filled his head with complexe ideas about George leaving him to fend for himself, It was pure pleasure, just watching him squirm, panick, be helpless. I let him have a little taste of what it was like to be me, to be alone. But stopped as soon as lennie started to talk back, I was damn scared, but who wouldn’t be scared of a huge, dumb guy who isn’t even aware of his own strength? Soon another white guy also came in,his name is candy, an old guy with one hand completely missing. This one hesitated more coming in my room than Lennie did, making me aware that his eyes were also one of them many eyes who could only be bothered to see what is on the surface. He told me that he would soon bust outa this place to get his own place with George and Lennie, so I told him straight up, that I’d seen to many guys with dreams similar to them and that I know that it would always only just stay a far away dream, nothing more. This was until they told me that they had the money for it. I was going to tell them about my dream and even ask them to let me stay with them, but that evil bitch came to my door at that exact moment, She heard a bit of talking from me about my dream. That bitch was curley’s wife, Curley’s the bosses son so its not like I could have talked back to her while she told me that I could never ever get my dream. She crushed me slowly with her words, but I was thankful for the wakeup call. If she hadn’t said thatI would have just built up false expectation for myself, that would soon be crushed. That’s just my life, Ablack guy with no chance in the white society. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE John Steinbeck section.

Hunger Games Book Review

Everyone has heard the saying that winning is not everything. In Suzanne Collin’s bestseller, The Hunger Games, it redefines that saying. In the novel, North America has been through some apocalyptic disasters and is known as Panam with twelve districts that are ruled by the Capitol. Each year the Hunger Games are held as a reminder of the bleak past and that the Capitol is still in control of the citizens of Panam. One girl and one boy between the ages twelve and eighteen from each district are drafted to fight to death in the Hunger Games.The last one standing is the winner and will bring home the fame and fortune for their district. Each kid must attend â€Å"The Reaping†, which is the ceremony where the names are drawn for the person to be in the Hunger Games. Primrose Everdeen is only twelve years old and this is her first year attending â€Å"The Reaping†. Her sister, Katniss Everdeen, assures her that she’s not going to be picked because her name is only in the drawing once. Surprisingly, the odds were not in Primrose’s favor.Katniss cannot stand to see her little sister go and fend for herself in the Hunger Games, so she does the unthinkable and volunteers to take Primrose’s place as tribute, a person who competes in the Hunger Games. Peeta Mellark is the male tribute chosen to represent District 12 in the Hunger Games. Peeta has had an everlasting crush on Katniss since the day they met. Will Katniss have mutual feelings with Peeta during this crucial time of life or death or will the love be a distraction while it boils in the heart? Also, will the beloved characters perish or will they prevail in the Hunger Games?The Hunger Games is a compelling young adult novel that will surely appeal to many readers that admire action and adventure with a hint of romance. In my opinion, The Hunger Games is an exceptional novel that is dramatic and really fun to read. The author, Suzanne Collins, does a really good job with developing the plot. The plot is very unique and unpredictable. I really liked the little plot twists she throws in the story; it keeps the story interesting. I also like how the story has just the right amount of action and romance. The action keeps the whole book from being consumed from all of the romance.The main characters were all developed really well, but I think the minor characters could have been developed a little better. Other than that, the whole book was excellent. I believe this book will appeal to people who like stories about action and adventure with slight romance to freshen things up. This book will also most likely appeal to both genders of teenagers and adults. In summary, The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins is a remarkable novel that will make you yearn to find out what’s going to happen next in the trilogy. The book has a great plot that will definitely leave a lasting impression on the reader.

Freakonomics Unearthing Hidden Answers to Problems

Freakonomics Unearthing Hidden Answers to Problems Critical writing is one of the most interesting models of writing that exits. It involves presenting a problem by exposing unimaginable and hidden issues that emerge as the answers to those problems. This form of writing invites a lot of debate and possible opposition to the writer s assumptions.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Freakonomics: Unearthing Hidden Answers to Problems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It has been called freakonomics (DiNardo 973). DiNardo continues to argue that Freakonomics is intended to entertain than to inform. There is a lack of â€Å"serious questions to ask and therefore it is even more impossible to imagine what serious answers would look like† thus becoming even the more entertaining (973). Despite this simplification by DiNardio, Baker argues that freakonomics presents a problem in a â€Å"new way, associating factors that seem unrelated to the problem in trying to come up with the solutions† and exposing uncertainties about the knowledge experts hold as conclusive (para 1). This leaves a lot of room for disagreements on the author’s assumptions. In their 2005 book on freakonomics, they propose alternative conclusions on several problems the American society is facing. Their arguments propose that just because â€Å"two things are correlated does not mean that one cause another.† They use the analogy of X being related to Y. This correlation does not â€Å"offer further information of the direction of the relationship.† They argue that maybe X cause Y or vice versa. Or may be both X and Y are caused by another unseen factor (10). In analyzing the causes of the unexpected sudden 50% decline in crimes in the late 1990s America, many experts proposed a number of reasons. Key among them was an improved economy, so many would be criminals were gainfully employed, and better policing initiative by the American police. However Freakonomics view of this event point to a little insignificant event 20 years earlier. It all stated when a young troubled 21 year old drug abusing alcoholic Norma McCorvey sought to abort her third pregnancy. Norma had previously given up her two other children for adoption. Her plight was adopted by pro abortionist. The result is that abortion was legalized. Levitt Dubner argue that so many would be criminal were therefore never born, thus the decrease in crime rates years later (4-6). But can this conclusions hold water? Freakonomists are very systematic writers. They follow a procedural criterion in seeking alternative solutions to the problem being defined. They first collect Information that includes statistical data to support their arguments. In presenting their case for the reason why crime suddenly dropped in America, Levitt and Dubner first collected all the information they needed to support their otherwise illogical proposal. This information included statisti cal analysis for example crime dropped by 23% in five states the allowed abortion (p 140).Advertising Looking for critical writing on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This statistically proven conclusion outweighed the criminologist 8 most suggested reasons for the drop in crime which they dismissed as inconclusive. In their arguments, expert’s opinion is wrong most of the time because it basically focuses on and draws its conclusions from correlation, which just shows just a basic relationship and nothing more. Because this expert opinion is directly passed to the public for consumption through the media, without any debate it becomes the public truth (4, 5). The 8 experts suggested alternatives were: innovative policing, which was cited 52 times, reliable prisons, decrease in drug markets, aging population, improved laws that control passion of guns, strong economy increased number of police offi cer and other such as capital punishment. But when Levitt and Dubner presented their alternative argument supported by statistical data, these expert opinions crumbled like a cookie in water. Upon closer analysis only three of the above causes had a logical sense of reducing crime. All the others were â€Å"Figments of someone’s imagination.† It was just â€Å"wishful thinking† (4, 5). It is important to note that freakonomists always tend to present their alternative argument on the basis of what effect it will have on the economy since they are economist. Take the analysis of the effects of guns on crime control. They argue that tightening of gun control laws does not mean a decrease in crime. In Switzerland, every average male keeps an assault rifle for defense, yet it is the safest country to live. This is a stack contrast to America which has imposed tougher gun control laws, yet crime rates are much higher in America than in Switzerland. To further support their argument, they use the analogy of a girl confronted by a mugger. If the girl had a gun, she would scare the mugger away and therefore the gun becomes necessary. But if the mugger had a gun he would accomplish his act therefore criminalizing gun possession. The conclusion of their argument opposes expert proposals of reducing guns the fewer the number of guns in the streets the lower the crime rate. Their conclusion is that societies need to have more guns in the streets, held by the right hands to control crime (131- 133). A safer economy therefore needs more guns but in the right hands, like the young girl confronted by a mugger.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Freakonomics: Unearthing Hidden Answers to Problems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In conclusion, freakonomists have very systematic criteria for establishing an alternative proposal to any problem they are solving. Their priorities start with stating the problem at hand. They then highlight experts proposed alternatives before coming in with their own counter alternative. They support it with tangible examples that include statistical data. The result is that always they end up trivializing experts and their opinions as inconclusive. A good example is their analogy of the causes of drops in crime in America. They first highlighted expert 8 most cited proposals for the decline before coming up with their own well statistically defended conclusion that nothing had reduced crime in 1990s America than the legalization of abortion. Baker, Thomas. â€Å"The 2005 National Conference on Appellate Justice: Selected Presentation From The General Sessions: Applied Freakonomics: Explaining The Crisis Of Volume, The Journal of Appellate Practice and Process (2006). Web DiNardo, John. Interesting Questions in Freakonomics. Journal of Economic  Literature, 45. 4 (2007). Dubner, Stephen. Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explore s the Hidden Side of Everything. New York: Perennial, 2009. Print

The Importance And Significance Of Self Awareness Social Work Essay Essay Example

The Importance And Significance Of Self Awareness Social Work Essay Essay Example The Importance And Significance Of Self Awareness Social Work Essay Paper The Importance And Significance Of Self Awareness Social Work Essay Paper Self consciousness, harmonizing to Wong ( 2003 ) , means acknowledgment of our personality, strengths and failings and likes and disfavors. As a societal worker, ego consciousness is an indispensable component to fix oneself to meet the clients personal affair, their attitudes, ideas, etc. The essay is traveling to discourse the importance and significance of ego consciousness. Then speak about what I have learnt about myself, in footings of my personalities, attitudes, strengths, restrictions and how my past experiences affect me. Finally correlate how self consciousness can assist my professional development as a societal worker. Harmonizing to Rothman ( 1999 ) , everyone has its ain attitudes or point of views towards something. Our ideas and values are shaped during the clip of babyhood, childhood, adolescence and maturity. These thought may be based on our ain experiences, instruction received or society influences. It is clear that our past experiences, societal norms, values from the others, features, biass or stereotypes form Knowing how my past experiences influence my ain values helps me to be more cognizant of my ain ego. Having an uncle who committed self-destruction that made my household, particularly my grandma, sad and suffering, I personally hate people who have the purpose to stop up their lives. However, this hate may do me unable to do the most appropriate determination when a client who has the will to perpetrate suicide seeks aid from me. Furthermore, as suggested by Biestek ( 1961 ) , the relationship between the societal worker and the client has been called the psyche of casework. It may be difficult for me to develop appropriate relationship with the client. It is possible that I will hold uncontrolled emotional engagement and judgmental attitudes towards the client. Without self consciousness and cognizing what experiences form my ideas, I will see trouble in supplying sensitive and adept services to the clients. I may besides unwittingly reject the client and avoid speaking excessively much about decease unconsciously. However, by cognizing what experiences are impacting my values and ideas, Rothman ( 1999 ) suggested that it assists the worker to work with clients, and to command and minimise the influences of personal attitudes and beliefs that may be harmful and damaging toward clients. Biass, prejudices and stereotypes may be great barriers on my professional development. It is common that when come to minorities such as cocottes, homophiles or the street slumberers, people may see their behaviours as unethical. It may due to their personal values, cultural, spiritual and other beliefs which people take for granted to follow when confronting these issues. I besides have biass and stereotypes on them and they may be expressed in conversations, acts or behaviors since they are hidden in the subconscious as suggested by Rothman ( 1999 ) . I may unwittingly hold words that harm them and do them defensive or non swear in me. Therefore doing it difficult to develop good relationship with the client and difficult to hold intercession procedures. For illustration, I have been exposed to a strong heterosexual prejudice and may integrate some homophobic reactions such as uncomfortableness or hatred of homosexual people. Without self-awareness and cognition, I may non be able to supply adept services to gay or sapphic clients. If a worker has spiritual belief, he or she may even hold a strong belief that homosexualism is a wickedness. Harmonizing to Sheafor and Morales ( 2007 ) , one of the competencies required for societal work pattern is the capacity to prosecute in ethnic- , gender- and age-sensitive pattern. In order to accomplish this, it is indispensable for a worker to happen ways and methods to divide their personal belief system from their professional values, moralss and functions. Knowing my strengths and failings besides helps me with my professional development. I am glad and patient to listen to others. At the same clip, I am besides empathic to others experiences and troubles. It makes the clients experience being respected and therefore it is easier to develop a proper client-worker relationship. It is of extreme importance that the client trust you Reflecting on our ain experiences and developmental phases helps when working with clients. For illustration, I was diffident and non willing to show my attention towards others in my childhood. And I would hold no chance to demo my love to my grandma who died old ages ago. The losingss in my life do me re-think the manner I used to be and endeavor for a alteration, that is, be more outgoing and caring to others. I can therefore pull on my personal experience when working with immature people and steer them in the changing procedure. However, it besides makes me see my restrictions, that is, when working with aged clients. I can associate my experience that is similar to a adolescent s, nevertheless, it is impossible for me to hold certain troubles faced by aged clients such as the aging procedure. As suggested by Berman-Rossi ( 2001 ) , a societal worker therefore must develop aging relevant cognition, self awareness, sensitiveness and accomplishment. Knowledge about aging demograph ics, age-related alterations and developmental undertakings is indispensable. Although there are restrictions to my service provided, there are ways to minimise the insufficiency. Increased openness to other ways of thought My household is a blissful one, sometimes holding some struggles but still harmonious on the whole. I one time thought that it is normal to hold the sort of household like mine, and at least most of the households are likewise. However, it is incorrect as there are diversenesss in household construction. Some households are single-parented, while some may hold immense communicating jobs among household members or holding household members that are drug nuts that greatly affects the household. Sharing ain feelings and ideas among a group of equals helps to do up one s ain point of view towards the population. By listening and sharing, one can cognize more about the equals attitudes on the issue, to analyze their ain attitudes and to interchange sentiments in an overview. One can besides hold a broader position on an issue and Social workers must face their ain biass and stereotypes about minorities. Making myself known about losingss in my ain life helps me to understand what past experiences or feelings are impacting my ain values and ideas today.

Business overview of Southwest Airlines Company

Business overview of Southwest Airlines Company Southwest Airlines Company is an American low cost airline. Although the airline industry is no longer experiencing the rapid growth it exhibited during the 1990’s; commercial air travel in the U.S. remains the preferred method of transportation for a majority of Americans due to cost-effectiveness and timesaving characteristics. Southwest is the largest airline in the world by number of passengers carried per year (as of 2009). Southwest maintains the third largest passenger fleet among all of the world’s commercial airlines. As of May 3, 2009, Southwest operates approximately 3,510 flights daily. Southwest has its headquarters on the grounds of Love Field in Dallas, Texas. Southwest Airlines has carried more customers than any other U.S. airline since August 2006 for combined domestic and international passengers according to the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Southwest Airlines is one of the world’s most profit able airlines, posting a profit for the 37th consecutive year in January 2010. Southwest’s successful business model involves flying multiple short, quick trips into the secondary (more efficient and less costly) airports of major markets, and using only one aircraft type, the Boeing 737. Key Issues Southwest’s most visible problem, as with all airlines, is the drop in demand for air travel the past 18 months. While fallout from the terror attacks gets part of the blame, Kelly (Southwest CEO) says more of it goes to general economic weakness and specifically the collapse of the late ’90s technology and telecom bubble. Environmental changes are also having effects on the Industry. Budget conscious business travelers used to love Southwest, not only for its prices, but because it was so easy to buy a ticket at the last moment, move from curb to gate in minutes and be on their way. New security procedures have taken away this added convenience and have even lengthe ned the lines. Southwest operates on a first come, first serve basis and the random gate screenings, which tends to target last-minute, one-way flight passengers (a description of most of Southwest’s passengers) places fliers in the position to have to fly in the much dreaded middle seat. Analysis Models The analysis of Southwest will cover an external analysis, an internal analysis, and a SWOT analysis. External models utilized will be The Five Forces Model of Competition, Driving Forces, and Industry Key Success Factors. Internal models utilized will be a Financial Analysis, and a Competitive Strength Assessment or SWOT Analysis. The Five-Forces Model of Competition Rivalry among firms (High) The extent to which rivalry exists will influence the overall profitability of the industry. Market concentration remains a significant factor affecting rivalry. In 1989, no single airline solely dominated the industry, but the eight largest carriers retained a total market share of 92 high traffic cities with high demand. In order to gain profits, airlines must beat out the competition by offering as much or more flights with time flexibility to a variety of destinations. Other factors contributing to rivalry include high fixed costs, excess capacity, low differentiation, price wars, and readily available prices via the Internet. Due to the nature of the industry, high fixed costs are expected. Contributions to fixed costs in the airline industry include the costs of planes, fuel, pilots, flight attendants, and additional staff for baggage and customer service. The need to meet government regulations and hire experienced employees can cost an airline company millions of dollars. Currently there has been excess capacity on many routes; as a result, airlines have been participating in price wars in order to attract customers at all costs. Minimal differentiation among airlines and switching costs for passengers also magnifies rivalry.

Natural Law the Prevailing Theory in the United States Today Research Paper

Natural Law the Prevailing Theory in the United States Today - Research Paper Example Natural Law is the of knowing of right from wrong instinctively and the ability to make moral decisions based upon those instincts. This is not just a theory formulated years ago and withered with time it is a theory built into the our very being and since the days of Adam and Eve has been the law we have lived our lives by and build our criminology around. Many Christians believe that Natural Law is the will of God and the Ten Commandments certainly reflects that cause.†They Believe That The Nature of Man And The World Reflects The Will of God† (Donald, James A,) and the Ten Commandments encompass all facets of the human instincts toward right and wrong and the formation of our current day laws and how they are enacted. You do not have to believe in God or even consider yourself christian to be inherent to Natural Law, it is not a spiritual entity but an outcome of nature. Natural Law is not something that was invented or created and it existed long before Aristotle and his cronies came up with their theories. In modern day America our entire law revolves around Natural Law, not theories or ideas, and we never have and do not now need legislation to tell us that it is wrong to steal or to kill or even to treat another human being badly. We certainly dont need to visit a lawyer before committing murder or robbing a bank to ascertain if its the right or legal thing to do and the purpose of legal legislation is to give society the right to punish those who are unable to conform with Natural Law and even the perpetrators of acts against Natural Law expect the penalties they receive, if caught, because it is built into their nature to know that they are being immoral and wrong. The right to bear arms in protection of ourselves and our property has always been an inherent part of Natural Law and even now in the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution it is not clear on that law.â€Å"There is considerable

A Soldier's Home by Ernest Hemmingway Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Soldier's Home by Ernest Hemmingway - Essay Example There are many different aspects in the story, as in its various use of comparisons from the view point of the narration of the main character, thus, creating a rather interesting transition in how I followed the relationship of the character to the settings involved in the story. Furthermore, I found that, the notion of having the main character clash with a variety of real issues was highly effective in harnessing the reality felt in the story, such as, in the encounter with the choices he makes concerning the values of sociality, sexuality, individuality and family. The opening of the story is especially interesting in my opinion, as it creates an immediate image in the compare and contrast of the two worlds involved around Krebs, which exposes us to his diverse social standards. These descriptions represent a vital point in the course of the story, as stated: â€Å"these snapshots introduce the double backdrop against which Harold Krebs’s story will unfold, and they prefigure the antagonism that will direct its narrative† (Baerdemaeker 56). In the first image, â€Å"There is a picture which shows him among his fraternity brothers† (Hemingway 111). In my opinion this picture portrays Krebs as a traditional American student who is full of masculine pride in the bonding of his fraternity brothers, but I felt that he was unsure of his identity as a man, for Hemmingway states that â€Å"He enlisted in the marines† (111) making this decision his choice only. Moreover, in the second image, â€Å"There is a picture which s hows him on the Rhine with two German girls and another corporeal† (Hemingway 111). This in my opinion was a rather interesting transition from Krebs’s education background to the militant background, which now consist of social norms involving politics and sexuality. As I read â€Å"Soldier’s Home† I felt a profound distinction in Krebs, in conjunction with the indifferences to the people in his home town, as to seem as if his decision to

An essay about the supply and demand Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

An about the supply and demand - Essay Example In order to maximize profit, suppliers have to sell their goods and services at high prices but this has to consider the purchasing power of the intended market. This paper is a critical evaluation of supply and demand as principles of economics. Concepts of Supply and Demand The Law of Demand The law of demand states that the higher the price of a commodity, the lower the quantity demanded cateris paribus, while the lower the prices the higher the demand (Fisher 36). Cateris paribus in this case implies that all other factors that influence demand are held at a constant. These are for example weather, taste and preferences, income among others. This is due to the fact that the law of demand is basically dependent on two variables i.e. quantity demanded and price. The following diagram is a demand curve, which is a graphical depiction of the law of demand. Fig 1 From the diagram, it can be noted that the quantity demanded was highest, (Q3), at the lowest price, P1, while it was lowes t at price P3, which was highest. However, it is important to note that not all goods abide by the law of demand. These are for example giffen goods and products that act as status symbols. Giffen goods are defined as inferior commodities whose demand goes up with rising prices while the vice versa is also true (Baye 42). Inferior, in this context, does not necessarily imply that the goods are of poor quality. For example, if the staple food in a family is rice, products such as meat may be perceived as superior. If the price of rice goes up, it would be normal to find people buying more rice and less of meat and when the prices go down, more meat is bought in comparison to rice. The two goods are not substitutes and in this case, it is assumed that the consumer can afford both items therefore eliminating opportunity cost. On the other hand, status symbols are goods whose value creates a perceivable higher social standing in the society (Gorman 29). For example, if the price of a Me rcedes Benz makes it unaffordable for the common market as opposed to that of a Toyota sedan, then, any person owning a Mercedes would be perceived as having an economic advantage over the owner of a sedan. It therefore goes without saying that a reduction in the price of a Mercedes would make it lose its value as a status symbol and that would definitely make it lose its demand to other more expensive and luxurious vehicles. On the other hand, an increase in its price would increase its value as a status symbol thus increasing its demand thereby defying the law of demand. Movements along a Demand Curve versus Shifts in Demand Curve A movement along a demand curve is dependent on one variable only which is price. From the diagram below, DD1and DD2 represents the demand for a commodity, with prices plotted on the Y axis while quantity demanded on the X axis. DD1 will be used to illustrate movement along a demand curve while DD2 illustrates a shift in a demand curve. Fig. 2 On the DD1 curve, it is notable that when the price was at p1, the quantity demanded was highest at Q3. However, after the prices increased to p2 and p3, the quantity demanded moved to the lower side i.e. from Q3 to Q2 and Q1 respectively. However, the demand curve shifted entirely to the right as a result of an increase in income. Notice that prices p1 to p3 remained static but still, the quantity

Self Evaluation Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Self Evaluation - Personal Statement Example Moreover, daily newspapers and magazines contain news and articles about people from all over the world indicating people’s culture across the globe. Internet Internet is the best and fastest source of any type of information across the globe. Just a single query in search engines can give you an insight into any type of culture in a few seconds. Satellite Channels Satellite channels all over the world can be seen in one country. Dramas, cooking show, news channels, and documentary programs on channels such as national geographic, animal planet, discovery etc. help you increase your cultural knowledge. People Interaction The more you interact with people of different cultures, the more knowledge you gain about their traditions, religious activities, habits, language etc. Whether you are living with them or working with people of diverse cultures, you gain sufficient information about their culture with the passage of time. 2. How would you handle a management issue in your   organization that stems from a cultural dispute? As the time is moving towards making this place a global village, people from third world countries are moving towards progressed countries in search of a better job and better future. This results not only in providing sufficient workforce to such countries but also results in the formation of organizations with people belonging to different cultures and traditions. To manage the workforce in such an organization is a very challenging task as it requires you to get sufficient information about all people’s cultures and traditions. If a management issue arises in an organization because of the cultural differences, it should be handled carefully. Whenever a worker joins the company, he should be informed about the general rules and policies of the company. Moreover, the manager should have knowledge about the person’s culture that would help deal with him in the future. Now whenever a problem arises due to cultural dispu te, the manager should first analyze that he should provide the solution that does not conflict with the company’s policies. For example, if a company has a certain policy for giving no more than a one day leave near the project’s deadline then the manager cannot give an employee more than one holiday. The manager should find out a solution that is based on justice. He should consider cultures of both parties and take their opinions separately. In the end, he should design a solution that is a medium way between the both party’s opinions and should be justified. 3. Should the same rules and policies apply the same to  all people in a multinational, or should culture be taken into account when applying policies? The differences in the backgrounds can be problematic if you completely ignore people’s cultural values and traditions. Now the question arises whether the same policies should be applied to all people or should cultural diversity be taken into c onsideration? The answer is to choose the medium way. As far as performance and work is concerned, same policies should be designed for everyone. For example, dishonesty or shirking from work will result in punishment from the company’s side to every worker. Also, same rules of yearly leave will be applied to everyone. However, cultural differen

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 112

Case Study Example so require the school to provide enough time, nutritious foods, physical fitness equipment, and physical activity facility to implement the program (Harkness & DeMarco, 2015). The school nurse might recommend to the school wellness committee the provision of physical education and physical exercises to address the problem of childhood obesity (Harkness & DeMarco, 2015). The strategies might also include awareness campaigns and a subsidy strategy that would offer incentives for schools to invest in obesity mitigation measures. The school nurse can advise the school wellness committee to enhance healthy living among the children by offering healthy foods and limiting junk foods at school. Regular school health screenings can also help to identify childhood obesity issues. The recommendation of science-based guidance and provision of health care for weight management might be effective in this context (Harkness & DeMarco, 2015). The school nurse can evaluate if the school-based programs are working by conducting regular school health screenings to establish the resultant weights and heights of students under weight management. Indeed, BMI surveillance and screening can establish the success of these programs. The school nurse can also measure the dietary attitudes, quality, and intake of nutritional foods offered by the school to the students. Moreover, the school nurse can evaluate the success of the school-based programs by analyzing the impact of physical education and physical activities initiated by the school among 4th grade

An essay about the supply and demand Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

An about the supply and demand - Essay Example In order to maximize profit, suppliers have to sell their goods and services at high prices but this has to consider the purchasing power of the intended market. This paper is a critical evaluation of supply and demand as principles of economics. Concepts of Supply and Demand The Law of Demand The law of demand states that the higher the price of a commodity, the lower the quantity demanded cateris paribus, while the lower the prices the higher the demand (Fisher 36). Cateris paribus in this case implies that all other factors that influence demand are held at a constant. These are for example weather, taste and preferences, income among others. This is due to the fact that the law of demand is basically dependent on two variables i.e. quantity demanded and price. The following diagram is a demand curve, which is a graphical depiction of the law of demand. Fig 1 From the diagram, it can be noted that the quantity demanded was highest, (Q3), at the lowest price, P1, while it was lowes t at price P3, which was highest. However, it is important to note that not all goods abide by the law of demand. These are for example giffen goods and products that act as status symbols. Giffen goods are defined as inferior commodities whose demand goes up with rising prices while the vice versa is also true (Baye 42). Inferior, in this context, does not necessarily imply that the goods are of poor quality. For example, if the staple food in a family is rice, products such as meat may be perceived as superior. If the price of rice goes up, it would be normal to find people buying more rice and less of meat and when the prices go down, more meat is bought in comparison to rice. The two goods are not substitutes and in this case, it is assumed that the consumer can afford both items therefore eliminating opportunity cost. On the other hand, status symbols are goods whose value creates a perceivable higher social standing in the society (Gorman 29). For example, if the price of a Me rcedes Benz makes it unaffordable for the common market as opposed to that of a Toyota sedan, then, any person owning a Mercedes would be perceived as having an economic advantage over the owner of a sedan. It therefore goes without saying that a reduction in the price of a Mercedes would make it lose its value as a status symbol and that would definitely make it lose its demand to other more expensive and luxurious vehicles. On the other hand, an increase in its price would increase its value as a status symbol thus increasing its demand thereby defying the law of demand. Movements along a Demand Curve versus Shifts in Demand Curve A movement along a demand curve is dependent on one variable only which is price. From the diagram below, DD1and DD2 represents the demand for a commodity, with prices plotted on the Y axis while quantity demanded on the X axis. DD1 will be used to illustrate movement along a demand curve while DD2 illustrates a shift in a demand curve. Fig. 2 On the DD1 curve, it is notable that when the price was at p1, the quantity demanded was highest at Q3. However, after the prices increased to p2 and p3, the quantity demanded moved to the lower side i.e. from Q3 to Q2 and Q1 respectively. However, the demand curve shifted entirely to the right as a result of an increase in income. Notice that prices p1 to p3 remained static but still, the quantity

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 112

Case Study Example so require the school to provide enough time, nutritious foods, physical fitness equipment, and physical activity facility to implement the program (Harkness & DeMarco, 2015). The school nurse might recommend to the school wellness committee the provision of physical education and physical exercises to address the problem of childhood obesity (Harkness & DeMarco, 2015). The strategies might also include awareness campaigns and a subsidy strategy that would offer incentives for schools to invest in obesity mitigation measures. The school nurse can advise the school wellness committee to enhance healthy living among the children by offering healthy foods and limiting junk foods at school. Regular school health screenings can also help to identify childhood obesity issues. The recommendation of science-based guidance and provision of health care for weight management might be effective in this context (Harkness & DeMarco, 2015). The school nurse can evaluate if the school-based programs are working by conducting regular school health screenings to establish the resultant weights and heights of students under weight management. Indeed, BMI surveillance and screening can establish the success of these programs. The school nurse can also measure the dietary attitudes, quality, and intake of nutritional foods offered by the school to the students. Moreover, the school nurse can evaluate the success of the school-based programs by analyzing the impact of physical education and physical activities initiated by the school among 4th grade

Romanticism in Frankenstein Essay Example for Free

Romanticism in Frankenstein Essay Romanticism was an intellectual movement that took hold in Europe during the late 18th century. Romanticism was born out of a direct opposition to Enlightenment views that emphasized reason, science and knowledge. The Enlightenment had evolved as a response to oppression by the church. During the Enlightenment Europeans began to question the laws of the church and state that were deemed biased and unfair. As a result to this oppression Europeans began to seek out knowledge and the philosophers of the time were seen as political thinkers and leaders. In contrast, Romanticism was a movement that opposed political norms that were the foundation of Enlightenment thinking. Romanticism placed emphasis on feelings, love, individuality and imagination to name a few. Romanticism touched all facets of art, literature and music during the late 1800s. Many writers during this time produced works that help to define the era of Romanticism by creating characters that were individualists with a keen sense of â€Å"self-definition and self-awareness† (Brians). Mary Shelley is considered one of the great novelists of the Romantic period even though she is only credited with writing one novel that falls within the Romantic genre. Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein: or The Modern Prometheus, in 1818 as part of a writing competition held by Lord Byron in Geneva. It was originally published under an anonymous author and Shelley’s name did not appear on the novel until a second edition was released in 1823. Frankenstein was Shelley’s most famous work and it is said that the idea for the novel came to Shelley in a dream. In her dream Shelley observes a scientist piecing together parts of mans body, only to be horrified in the end by the unnaturalness of his creation. Frankenstein is considered the first work of science fiction and also a novel that contains ideas central to the Romanticist and Gothic movements (www.egs.edu). In Frankenstein, the main protagonist Victor Frankenstein is the embodiment of Shelley’s romanticist ideals. Victor’s ambition is to create a living, breathing being out of the innate materials in his laboratory. Victor reiterates his relenting passion for creating an artificial being by stating that no single person can â€Å"conceive the variety of feelings which bore me onwards, like a hurricane.† This statement shows that Victor wants to surpass his human limitations to create a new life form. Victor Frankenstein is considered a romantic character because he embodies the Romantic ideals of imagination and innovation. He is a dreamer, who is obsessed with impossible standards and ideals. In this sense, he embodies Romantic traits of unrelenting ambition and is therefore seen as one of the great Romantic characters. Ironically, in Victor’s passionate pursuit of perfection he creates a monster that is the embodiment of imperfection (Shelley). Other examples of Romantic themes in the novel appear when Shelley incorporates vivid descriptions of nature. Throughout the novel, Shelley uses lyrical language to describe the awesomeness of nature which is the backdrop of the story. Shelley’s characters recount their inner feelings and these inner feelings often mimic the state of nature around them. For example, the barren and icy descriptions of the land in which Walton forges into and where the monster ultimately retreats to emphasize the experiences of the monster who fights against the isolation he feels as a result of his monstrous form. The barren landscape can also mirror the isolation that Walton must have felt when he foolishly travels into this cold and foreboding land in the book’s opening scenes. Another example of nature mimicking feelings is the scene in which Victor awakes with much regret after creating his monster. He reflects that the morning is â€Å"dismal and wet† and he fears encountering the creature around every bend. Shelley keeps this common theme throughout the novel so that when the protagonist is scared or upset the weather conditions parallel what Victor is feeling or thinking (Shelley). With emphasis on nature and unrelenting passion, among many other Romantic themes in the novel, Mary Shelley allows her characters to express their deepest desires, even if those desires are seen as unattainable to the reader. These elements of descriptive nature, along with a myriad of emotions that are expressed by the characters help to solidify Frankenstein as one of the great Romantic novels of its time. Works Cited Brians, Paul. Romanticism. Romanticism. Washington State University, 11 Mar. 1998. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. Mary Shelley Biography. Mary Shelley. The European Graduate School, n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2013 Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft, and Maurice Hindle. Frankenstein, Or, The Modern Prometheus. London: Penguin, 2003. Print

Pros and cons of PPPs models

Pros and cons of PPPs models Introduction to Public Private Partnership Public private partnership is a cooperative venture between the public and private sector in which the public and privates sector carry out a particular project on the basis of agreed task and risks, each party retaining its tasks and responsibility. The interest in PPPs is growing day by day because it is an efficient way of delivering the public services to the masses. The rudimentary principal behind public private partnership is that, Although Public sector entities may need to be responsible for the delivery of public services, but it is not necessary that it must be actually responsible for providing or undertaking the investment themselves. In this way all actors in public private partnership can concentrate on doing what they are likely to do in the best possible way by utilizing their resources and skills. In order to under take any public private partnership for a particular venture we have different modes or model for PPPs, Which are described briefly as under. A brief overview of Prominent Models of PPPs Operation and management contracts In these agreements the responsibility for asset operation and management is passed on to the private sector entities. The duration for these contracts is generally short ranging from 3 to 5 years, but can normally be extended. The private party is remunerated on a fixed fee basis or on an Incentive basis with premiums linked to specific performance targets. Under this agreement the public party still bears the financial and investment risk associated with the projects. This type of contract is an efficient way to undertake a project because the private sector has enough skills and have strong interest in improving the service quality. This model of PPPs contract is suited for transaction phases which finally lead to privatization. Potential strengths of management The profound advantage of management contract is that many operational benefits that result from private sector can be availed without transferring the assets to the private party. Management contract are less thorny to develop as compared to others and are considered less controversial. Theses contracts are also less expensive as compared to others because fewer but efficient staff can be used to carryout the task. They can also be seen as interim arrangements, allowing for modest improvements while more comprehensive contracts and structures are developed. Similarly, a management contract can be structured to phase-in increasingly extensive involvement of the private sector over time and as progress is demonstrated. Potential weaknesses Despite of the aforesaid advantages of management contract it also embodies some drawbacks one of the key disadvantage of this contract is that in this contract the private sector entity who is managing a particular project does not enjoy the autonomy. This is important to achieve deep and lasting change also the division between the obligation for service and management, on one hand, and financing and expansion planning, on the other, is a tricky one. Service contracts It is a limited type of PPPs model in this agreement the Private party procure, operate an assets for a short span of time mostly for 2 to 5 years. In this contract the public sector is responsible for investment and management of the project which bears the financial and residual value risks. While the public sector entity provide the services. It is suited for simple and operational requirments.it is often used for toll collections. Potential strengths of Service Contract This contract is best suitable when the services are clearly defined in the agreement, the demand is reasonably certain and the performance of the project can easily be monitored. One of the the gigantic advantage of service contract is that it provides us relatively low-risk option for the expansion of private sector which in return brings efficiency in the system operation. It is a less expensive way to delivery the public services and due to low barrier to competition it encourage competition which in return enhance the public service delivery and it is also a good source of technology transfer and for the development of managerial capacity. The other prominent advantages include Decrease in operation cost Access to cheaper labor Cut up in labor training cost Access to advance technology at minimum cost Enhance service delivery Potential weaknesses Service contracts are used for simple and short term project in this the private sector only provide their services not the capital investment. But this contract is not suitable for such situation in which the objective is to pool up capital. An other important drawback of this contract is that of loss of managerial control because it is much difficult to manage the outside service provider as compared to own employees. Also other draw backs include the loss of flexibility in reacting to changing the business condition, lake of internal and external focus, loss of competitive edge, problem in contract renewal and contractual misunderstanding. In this it is difficult to calculate the hidden cost associated with the contract like legal cost and the time require to put the contract into action. Leasing agreements It is a financial arrangement in which the owner of a facility sells it to another entity, and subsequently leases it back from the new owner. In this contract both public and private sectors entities may enter into sale/leaseback arrangements for a variety of reasons. An innovative application of the sale/leaseback technique is the sale of a public facility to a public or private holding company for the purposes of limiting governmental liability under certain statues. Under this arrangement, the government that sold the facility leases it back and continues to operate it. Under this agreement the private party better off only if it manages to reduce operating costs while meeting the designated service level. On the other hand the public sector bears the risks associated with the network expansion, capital improvement and financing. Its life ranges from 12 to 16 years, this type of agreement is best suited for infrastructure. Other prominent leasing contract include Buy-build-operate (BBO) Lease-develop-operate (LDO) Wrap-around addition (WAA) Potential strengths One of the main advantage of this contract is that it brings efficiency in the public service delivery .Also in this contract the commercial risk is borne by the private sector which give a strong performance incentive and which coax the private sector to perform well. Under this contract the private sector competitively bid for providing the services which in return enhance the delivery of public services. Potential weaknesses As we know that in lease agreement the contractor revenue is based on the revenue stream of the customers payments so in such situation the question of tariff levels is of sensitive nature which can lead to possible conflict between the public and private parties. Also under this agreement the responsibility of capital investment is of public sector and the financial risk is borne by the public sector so in this contract no capital is mobilized from the private sector entity and also labour issues are of more sensitive nature as compared to other PPPs contracts. Concession Contract It is a type of leasing contract in which the ownership remain with the government while the private party not only provide capital investment but also responsible for the maintenance of the assets. After the completion of the project the government pays the agreed sum of money to the private party and gets the assets. It is suited for the construction and its life is from 15 to 30 years. Potential strengths of concession contract One of key advantage of Concessions is that it helps to mobilize capital from private sector for the construction or rehabilitation of existing projects. As we know that under this agreement the private sector also contribute capital for the project so it coax the private sector (concessionaire) to bring efficiency and effectiveness in order to increase his return in the project. It also encourages the private party to bring innovation in the delivery of public services. Potential weaknesses One of the major drawback of this contract is that the complexity of defining the activities of private sector entity. One of the major disadvantage of this contract rises in case of long-term projects i.e. more than 25 years because this complicate the bidding process and the contract design which hinder in anticipating the events of the project. Also due to its long term tenure it is deemed politically controversial and difficult to organize. Another drawback of this contract is that it limit the competition because of limited number of qualified contractors are available. Green field Contracts This type of agreement is mostly used for the development of new projects. Such projects are often demanded by engineers. Examples of Greenfield projects are new factories, power plants or airports which are built from scratch. Those facilities which are modified/ upgraded are called Brownfield projects. Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) In this the private party is responsible for designing, construction and operation of the assets. In this public party bears the financial risks but it has control on important phases of the life cycle of the project. This type of contract bring efficiency in the projects and removes the important maintenance issues from public budget This integrated scheme obliges the private operator to take into account the cost of operating the asset during the design and operation phase and therefore stimulates a better planning and management of the service itself It include the following types Build-own-operate-transfer (BOOT) Build-rent-own-transfer (BROT) Build-transfer-operate (BTO) Build-lease-operate-transfer (BLOT) Potential strengths As we know that BOTs have been mostly used to attract private funding to the construction or renovation of infrastructure. Hence one of the key advantage of BOT agreements is that it reduces commercial risk for the private partner because there is often only one customer, i.e. public sector (government) .The following are some of the major advantages of BOT contract Due to the efficiency of private sector the public services can be delivered with minimum cost As the private sector directly involved in this so it reduces the public debit, balancing the beget deficit and reduce the role of public sector. It also facility the transfer of advance technology by intruding international contractors in the host country. Potential weaknesses The following are some of the major disadvantages of BOT contract The transaction cost in this case is higher as compared to other contracts Not suitable for small projects. The success of this project depends upon the successful raising of funds. BOT projects are successful only when substantial revenues are generated during the operation phase. A CASE STUDY This case study is one of the best example of public private partnership (service contract) which is contributing to the overall economic development of Pakistan. Faisalabad Industrial Estate Development and Management Company (FIEDMC) This is one of the classical of PPP (service contract) .In this contract the government of Punjab provided funds and the private sector were assigned the task to develop two industrial estates at Faisalabad by contributing there services on voluntary basis. This company constitutes of 21 members in its board 5 from public and 16 from private sector. Under this agreement the private sector will contribute their expertise to develop a world standard industrial estate in order to use the public money in a fruitful way. The following two prominent projects were undertaken under this agreement. Value Addition City. This industrial city was basically established in order to address the need for SMEs and to provide land on small scale to the industrialist. This estate consists of 200 acres land .where all utilities and facilities to the industrialist and a great emphasis is given to the security, further more The VAC offers facilities like a state of the art road network, electricification, natural gas, optic fiber telecommunication network, hospital, commercial area and extensive landscaping for environmental friendly atmosphere. M-3 Industrial city (M-31C) This is a larger project as compared to value added city with a vast area of 4500 acres. This industrial city is catering for the needs of all business sectors both industrial and services It entails the fulfillment the needs and wants of the prospective investors. This industrial city provides the important facilities according to world standards including, state of the art telecommunication system, transport facilities and labor colonies to the labor. This industrial city constitute of all kinds of textile industries, high quality chemical units, engineering including automobile and agricultural machinery firms and construction material firms. It will also cater the needs of pharmaceutical companies and food processing units. Other industries include IT equipment manufacture and software industry, electrical devices, electronics and other value added products. This is one of the classical example of PPP models in which the private party provides their services in the shape of their expertise to boost industries in Pakistan and it will boost the Pakistani economy. A Failure of PP Project (Metronet UK) The London underground rail system is the world first underground system which was established in 1863 and up to early twenty century it was operated by six private operators. But due to their substandard services its activities was directly or indirectly classified by the UK authorities by 1933. In February 2002 it was decided to bring improvement in the public service delivery by entering into a PFI contract with the private sector .Under this arrangement it was decided that maintenance and renewal of London underground infrastructure would be incorporated through three PPP contracts Under this agreement the Responsibility for stations, train operations, signaling and safety remained in the Public sector, being run by London Underground Limited, a new operating company set up for the purpose. It also had responsibility for determining service patterns and setting fares. Under this PPP project there were three private sectors companies which were called infracos namely Infraco BCV Bakerloo, Central, Victoria, Waterloo City. Infraco JNP Jubilee, Northern, Piccadilly. Infraco SSL Circle, District, East London, Hammersmith City, Metropolitan. To improve the Services and to ensure long-term assets management a 30 year contract was signed which is divided into 7.5 year segment. In this arrangement an Arbiter was also appointed whose role was to resolve the disputes between the London Under Ground Limited and an infaco regarding the payment and other issues. On December 31 2002 Tube Line acquired Infraco JNP and on April 2003 Metronet acquired the other two infracos.The PPP contract give legal ownership of London Underground infrastructure during the term of the contracting In July 2007 the work of modernization of London Underground Infrastructure was entrusted to Metronet BCV and Metronet SSL.and the fund was provided by the Government under PPP. But Metronet was unable to complete their task in the agreed time and estimated cost of bid. By March 2005 Metronet had not completed any of the eight stations due. Only 11 out of 35 stations were accepted as delivered by March and finally the London Underground Limited purchased 95% of Metrones outstaniding debt obligations from its private sector lenders in February 2008 rather than repaying this debt over the 30 years of the contract. The Department for Transport (DfT) made  £1.7 billion of grant available to help London Underground do so. Causes of Failure of this Debacle of PPP The following are some of the main reason for the debacle of this PPP contract. Poor Corporate Governance and Leadership structure of Metronet and tied Supply chain management Supplier was failed to give timely information to Metronet management about the costs against delivery. Ambiguities in the scope of the project and poor program management. Also it was found that it was unable to execute the the operation in the best possible way and lake of efficiencies in business administration activities. Conclusions From the aforesaid discussion on various prominent types of PPPs models we conclude that It is not always fruitful to enter to a PPP agreement .So the government should not enter into such contract without accurate and comprehensive assessment of the risk transferred to the private sector and a firm idea that what would constitute an appropriate price for taking such level of risk. If it does not transfer an appropriate level of risk to the private sector then it should not be availed. PPPs can be very helpful for the public service delivery if the underlying drawbacks are minimized and to minimize the risk associated with these models we must apply each model according to the type of problem we are solving. For instance if we need for Capital then BOT/BOO/Divestiture can be used. In case if we need for Expertise and Performance then Management Contract can be the best option. But if we need for Expertise only then Service Contract is the best option. Or if we are facing a complex pr oblem which can not be solved with one model then a combination of these models can be used. References www.ncppp.org/howpart/ppptypes.shtml Article by By Brig.Ahmad Riaz Siddiqi (Retd), X-Chief operating officer FIEDMC (Dawn Saturday, December 20, 2008) PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS Models and Trends in the European Union Authors: Andrea RENDA (Senior Research Fellow, CEPS) and Lorna SCHREFLER (Research Assistant, CEPS) India time.com http://www.cyfuture.com/disadvantages-of-outsourcing.htm http://www.investorwords.com The failure of Metronet REPORT BY THE COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR GENERAL | HC 512 Session 2008-2009 5 June 2009 Department Of Management Sciences Ciit Islamabad

Thoeries Of Evolution Essay -- essays research papers fc

Thoeries of Evolution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Evolution is the process by which living organisms originated on earth and have changed their forms to adapt to the changing environment. The earliest known fossil organisms are the single-celled forms resembling modern bacteria; they date from about 3.4 billion years ago. Evolution has resulted in successive radiations of new types of organisms, many of which have become extinct, but some of which have developed into the present fauna and flora of the world (Wilson 17).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Evolution has been studied for nearly two centuries. One of the earliest evolutionists was Jean Baptiste de Lamarck, who argued that the patterns of resemblance found in various creatures arose through evolutionary modifications of a common lineage. Naturalists had already established that different animals are adapted to different modes of life and environmental conditions; Lamarck believed that environmental changes evoked in individual animals direct adaptive responses that could be passed on to their offspring as inheritable traits. This generalized hypothesis of evolution by acquired characteristics was not tested scientifically during Lamarck's lifetime. A successful explanation of evolutionary processes was proposed by Charles Darwin. His most famous book, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859), is a landmark in human understanding of nature. Pointing to variability within species, Darwin observed that while offspring inherit a resemblance to their parents, they are not identical to them. He further noted that some of the differences between offspring and parents were not due soley to the environment but were themselves often inheritable. Animal breeders were often able to change the characteristics of domestic animals by selecting for reproduction those individuals with the most desirable qualities. Darwin reasoned that, in nature, individuals with qualities that made them better adjusted to their environments or gave them higher reproductive capacities would tend to leave more offspring; such individuals were said to have higher fitness. Because more individuals are born than survive to breed, constant winnowing of the less fit-a natural selection-should occur, leading to a population that is well adapted to the environment it inhabits. When environmental conditions change, po... ...le in the short term have broad tolerances, which may better enable them to survive extensive changes. Human beings are uniquely adapted in that they make and use tools and devices and invent and propogate procedures that give them extended control over their environments. Humans are significantly changing the environment itself. The effects are most complex and cannot be predicted, and yet like the likelihood is that evolutionary patterns in the future will reflect the influence of the human species(Microsoft96). Works Cited Ardrey, Robert. The Hunting Hypothesis: A Personal Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Concerning the Evolutionary Nature of Man. New York:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Antheneum, 1976. Encarta 96. Computer Software. Microsoft, 1995. Gribbon, John and Cherfas, Jeremy. The Monkey Puzzle: Reshaping the Evolutionary Tree. Philly: Pantheon, 1982. Reader, John. Missing links: The Hunt for Earliest Man. Boston: Little, 1981 Schwartz, Jeffery H. The Red Ape: Orang-Utans and Human Origins.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  San Francisco: Houghton, 1987. Wilson, Peter J. The Domestication of the Human Species. Oxford:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yale, 1991.

The Global Village and the New Economy Essay -- Exploratory Essays Res

The Global Village and the New Economy The New Economy falls into the latter part of the information age in the evolution of society. It has many characteristics. It is the age of the global village, the idea that the whole world is unified as one because of the speed in which information is processed from one end to the other. The idea of personalization of technology is also a characteristic of the New Economy, which allows people to modify technology and make it unique to each individual. In the new economy, individuals are face with a new treat, less is more. (Straubhaar,289) The size of technology has decreased but the performance of this new technology has increased. These innovations have become an important factor to find the optimal method of achieving an efficient technology. "(The New Economy is a) world in which rapid change is a constant. A world at least as different from what came before it as the industrial age was from its agricultural predecessor. A world so different its emergence can only be described as a revolution." (Encyclopedia). THE COMPUTER The modification of society to enter the New Economy has been done using the computer. The computer has penetrated almost every aspect of technology in existence. It is common to find personal computers inside homes. The computer is also used explicitly in the advertising industry, the telephone networking industry, and the filmmaking industry. The creation and growth of the New Economy that we live in today can be attributed to the computer. The personal computer has seen massive growth. It has evolved from being an intimidating machine to an essential in more that 500 million households worldwide.(Gates). The size of the computer has decreased to we... ...ovember 21st, 2002. COSTELLS, Manual. The Rise of the Network Society(2nd Edition). Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers, 2000. "Encyclopedia of the New Economy", in Wired Digital Inc. Available online at: , consulted on November 19th, 2002. GATES, Bill. "The PC: 20 Years Young ", in Microsoft-Press Pass, April 12, 2001. Available online at: , consulted on November 16th, 2002. SANDERS, Robert. "SETI@home, UC Berkeley's search for extraterrestrial life, celebrates first anniversary, is named finalist in Computerworld Smithsonian Awards", in UC Berkeley. Available online at: , consulted on November 21st, 2002. STRAUBHAAR, Joseph and Robert LAROSE. Media Now. Belmont: Wadsworth Group, 2002.

How Technology is changing our online life Essay

It is hard to imagine life without email nowadays. The only efficient means of communication, with efficient meaning that the message is delivered within seconds, is either through the cellular phone or through email via the internet. It is even more impossible to imagine how people could work under circumstances that denied them access to the latest communication technologies or even technology at all. Yet somehow, there was really a time when people where not at the beck and call of their cellular phones and a time when nobody really felt the urge to keep checking the mailbox every five minutes for fear of missing an email. There was a time when people actually drove to the store or entered a store and talked with the attendants before buying something. Ordering shoes and bags or other electronic items was done by going to a shop and not by going online and surfing online as it is done today. Friends and lovers were met and made by going to social functions and parties instead of by checking out somebody’s myspace profile or advertising on online personals. While those practices are still being done by certain individuals, the growth of the internet and the wide array of services that it offers have dramatically altered the manner by which people interact with one another and also the manner by which individuals lead their daily lives. The convenience and accessibility that the internet offers makes it an ideal replacement for all the previous time and energy consuming endeavors. With the number of people who are connected to the internet growing everyday, it is but a natural consequence that more and more services are being offered online ranging from dating, shopping, research and entertainment. In understanding how this newfound online lifestyle has changed our lives, it is important to understand the lures that are online that make it such a tempting alternative to doing this the time consuming and energy expending tasks. The internet provides everything online. Everything a person can desire or want is available online. Romance can be found through chatting or through online personals while intrigue can also be found on popular blog spots. Food is readily available for order online and so are clothes and other items. In short, there is nothing that cannot be found online and all a person needs to do is point and click. This is the lure of the online life and this is the reason why more and more people are leading the online life. It is convenient. It is time saving. It does not require one to expend a lot of energy. In certain cases, it also allows a person to work more efficiently and become more productive. From the standpoint of privacy, the internet offers virtual anonymity to anybody who goes online. All of this is offered online thanks to the great improvements in electronic and communications technology. As the developments in the electronics and communications technology continues to improve and advance, it will no longer be far off to imagine a world where nobody is walking the streets and everyone is hooked up to their computers interacting with each other in a world where they can be their own gods and dictate their own destinies without even breaking a sweat. Instead of just seeing an image of another person online, it may actually be possible to experience the sensation of feeling and touching that person. This all may just be future talk but one thing is certain. Today’s society has become so dependent on the benefits that technology has brought in making online life possible that we have come to a point of no return where we can no longer imagine life without it. If you think otherwise, turn off your cellular phone and unhook the jack of your computer and see how long you can survive without it.

The Issue Of Reflection Education Essay

Contemplation as defined by the Oxford English lexicon ( 1993 ) means ‘idea originating in the head ‘ and head means ‘seat of consciousness, thought, will, and experiencing ‘ . It seems therefore that contemplation, in an every twenty-four hours term is about believing that involves will and feeling, therefore contemplation is really personal as we are all alone persons. So, if contemplation is believing why are we being assessed on it, and how can it be assessed as certainly we all think otherwise. Are brooding model theoretical accounts, an assistance to assist me believe or an assistance to assist the assessor ‘s buttockss me? Am I being misanthropic or is cynicism accurate observation? Have we bury how to believe? Are we populating in an age where the gait of life is so fast that people do n't hold clip to believe any more? Is that why contemplation is now being incorporated into course of studies or is it to heighten acquisition and the forming of constructs and connexions? Is it to do me gain what my ain thoughts are, and which are person else ‘s? Or is it as King and Kitchener ( 1994 cited Moon 2001, p.8 ) propose to dispute my acquisition and thereby better my cognitive ability? At first I thought that contemplation was a complicated issue, but so I learnt that it was about thought. When I foremost received this assignment I ‘thought ‘ that I would truly bask it, as I would be able to be originative but whilst reflecting during the action of roll uping my portfolio, and researching for my brooding essay, I have become resentful, non because I am immune to alter but because I feel that it is intrusive and a small patronising to give me person else ‘s theoretical account or formula of how to believe. It seems that Moon ( 2001, p.16 ) would hold with me as she suggests Are pupils told to reflect when really they will merely follow a formula ( e.g. set inquiries ; rigorous attachment to the Kolb rhythm ( Kolb, 1984 ) ) ? Make pupils have their contemplations as kids own their drama? From my personal experience I would implore to differ as when I used the brooding theoretical account of Price ( 2002 ) to reflect upon my unit A assignments I found it smothering and found myself over-inflating my beliefs of segregation so that I would hold something to compose about in that portion of the model. Bolton ( 1998 ) would propose that my defensive attitude is ‘a get bying scheme ‘ and that I am defying ‘change and development ‘ . Whereas Lifton ( 1961 cited Atherton 2003 ) describes the procedure of idea reform as ‘brainwashing ‘ . For me these theoretical accounts are common sense and hence I have been resentful towards them. During one of our lessons we were given a sheet of paper with brooding theoretical accounts on it and asked to take one to reflect upon our presentation. Personally, I had already reflected upon my presentation briefly instantly after I had finished it, so once more in more deepness in my auto on the manner place and so once more in even more deepness when I discussed it with my hubby, read all the presentation press releases, and compared my presentation with everyone else ‘s. Therefore personally I do n't experience that I learnt anything by utilizing Price ‘s ( 2002 ) reflective model theoretical account. However I have since learnt upon reflecting on my acquisition manner that the bulk of my acquisition features are that of the ‘dreamer ‘ ( Cottrell 2003, p.63 ) . One of the strengths of the ‘dreamer ‘ is to reflect and measure good. Therefore I can appreciate that Price ‘s ( 2002 ) reflective model theoretical account may be more good to possibly, the leaner with ‘logician ‘ features as Cottrell ( 2003, p.63 ) proposes that their learning country to be developed is ‘personal contemplation ‘ . However I do non experience that pupils can be pigeon-holed into certain learning types, although I must acknowledge that most of my features were spot on with Cottrell ‘s ( 2003 ) dreamer larning manner. It would look that contemplation has been good to me after all, as it has made me cognizant of my learning manner or manners and made me gain that the usage of brooding models are smothering for me, hence I have thought approximately, ‘reflected upon ‘ and learnt something from ‘the experience ‘ . It seems that my learning experience is related to Boud et Al ‘s ( 1985 ) defini tion of contemplation as they defines it as A generic term for those rational and effectual activities in which persons engage to research their experiences in order to take to a new apprehension and grasp ( Draper 1999 ) . It seems that Boud et al view contemplation from the scholar ‘s point of position, underscoring the relationship of the brooding procedure and the learning experience. For illustration I have learnt from the experience of utilizing brooding model theoretical accounts that I find them smothering. Whereas Dewey ( 1993 ) defines contemplation as An active persistent and careful consideration of any belief or supposed signifier of cognition in the visible radiation of the evidences that support it and the farther decision to which it tends ( Draper 1999 ) . Dewey positions contemplation as experiential acquisition and that each experience influences future experiences. For illustration Dewey may hold that from the racial bias that I discussed in subdivision two that I take this experience with me to future experiences. For illustration through seeing some of the black citizens of Africa deformed via non being inoculated against infantile paralysis I have non hesitated to inoculate my kids against diseases such as infantile paralysis, epidemic parotitiss, rubeolas and German measles. Therefore a past experience can inform a present experience, such as whether I should let my adolescents to be inoculated against meningitis. Sch & A ; ouml ; n ( 1993, 1987 cited Moon 2001, p. 3 ) focal points on contemplation in professional cognition and its development. He has identified two types of contemplation. These are ‘reflection in action ‘ and ‘reflection on action ‘ . Sch & A ; ouml ; n proposes that these types of contemplations are used in alone state of affairss, where the practician is unable to use ‘theories or techniques antecedently learnt through formal instruction ‘ ( Moon 2001, p.4 ) . It would therefore look that ‘reflection in action ‘ and ‘reflection on action ‘ are extremely good to the attention and educational industries as practicians are working with persons who are more frequently than non, text book illustrations. Reflection is a cardinal portion of my child care pattern as I work with kids and households who are persons with alone qualities. This means that every clip I do an activity I may necessitate to make it otherwise as I w ill necessitate to see the person demands of the child/children and that of their parents. For illustration, if you were a mill worker and you packed bars your contemplation in action would n't take as long, because you would be working with inanimate objects. Therefore your contemplations may be more matter-of-fact whereas in my occupation I am covering with babies, yearlings, kids and grownups, hence my contemplations are changeless and are more likely to be based upon emotions, as I am working with persons who have emotions excessively. As the chief ethos of my pattern is to handle each kid and household member as persons, I therefore reflect ‘in action ‘ throughout my on the job twenty-four hours and reflect ‘on action ‘ , sometimes instantly after an action, and sometimes subsequently in the eventide. For illustration when a parent arrives they may inform me of the feverish weekend that they have had. This information that I am provided with affects my contemplation in action. For illustration if I have been informed that a kid is likely to be really tired today and I have planned a feverish twenty-four hours, I would be believing on my toes and accommodate the yearss activities to suit a slumber in for that kid. It would look that contemplation is a paradox as there are many different significances and types of contemplation, the above being merely a few. What is evident though is that contemplation is really complicated which is dry sing that thought is really easy. Possibly so it is non the procedure of contemplation that is difficult, ‘the thought ‘ but, it is covering with the emotions that reflection brings. Possibly I am being assessed on my contemplation abilities as they are of import to my holistic personal, instruction and pattern development. Possibly my cynicism in the debut is healthy as, No adult male who worships instruction has got the best out of instruction†¦ Without a soft disdain for instruction no adult male ‘s instruction is complete.Gilbert K. ChestertonI surely feel that I have got my initial disdain for contemplation out of my system as I have realised that contemplation has helped me do connexions such as the nexus between my learning manner and seting the practical authorship of assignments off for every bit long as possible. Contemplation has as King and Kitchener proposed ‘improved my cognitive ability ‘ , as I now have a better apprehension of contemplation and myself. I besides feel that pupils do have their contemplations as they own their yesteryear experiences which they draw upon during contemplation. Personally I do non like brooding model theoretical accounts but I appreciate that they can be really good for pupils who find contemplation hard.